Arrhenius Concept of Acid and Base

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Arrhenius Concept of Acid and Base

Published by: Nuru

Published date: 26 Jun 2021

Arrhenius Concept of Acid and Base in Grade 12

Arrhenius Concept of Acid and Base

According to this concept, the compounds which can produce H+ Pons as the only positive ions when dissolved in water are called acids.

According to this concept HCL, H2SO4 and HNO3 are the acids because all of them produce Hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

HCl (aq) $\rightleftharpoons$ H+ (aq) + CL– (aq)

H2SO4 (aq) $\rightleftharpoons$ H+ (aq) + HSO4– (aq)

HSO4– (aq) $\rightleftharpoons$ H+ (aq) + SO4– (aq)

According to this concept, the compounds which can produce Hydroxyl ion (OH ions) as the only negative ions when dissolved in water are called bases.

According to this concept, KOH, NaOH etc are the bases because all of them produce Hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water.

NaOH (aq) $\rightleftharpoons$ Na+ (aq) + OH– (aq)

KOH (aq) $\rightleftharpoons$ K+ (aq) + OH– (aq)

Mg (OH)2 (aq) $\rightleftharpoons$ Mg++ (aq) + 2OH– (aq)

AL(OH)3 (aq) $\rightleftharpoons$ AL+++ (aq) + 3OH– (aq)

Water-soluble bases are called alkalies so, all alkalies are bases but all bases are not alkalies.

Neutralization is the combination of H+ ions of acid and OH– ion of bases.

H+ (aq) + OH– (aq) $\rightleftharpoons$ H2O (l)

Limitations of the Arrhenius concept of acid and base:-

This concept is only limited to an aqueous solution but is not applied in the lack of aqueous solution.
It fails to explain the amphoteric nature of the substance.
There is no existence of H+ ions in the solution, it is found that H+ ions combine with water to give hydronium ion ar hydrated ion.H+ + H2O $\rightleftharpoons$ H3O+ (aq)
Ammonia and their organic derivatives act as bases though they don’t have OH– ion.
Oxides of metals act as bases though they don’t have OH– ion.
Oxides of non-metals act as acids though they don’t have H+ ions.
It fails to explain the acidic characters of the compound.